Enemies: A-Bomb (Rick Jones), Agents of Wakanda (American Eagle/Jason Strongbow, Broo, Fat Cobra, Gorilla-Man/Ken Hale, Ka-Zar/Kevin Plunder, Mockingbird/Barbara Morse, Okoye), Alfredo the chicken, Avengers (Black Widow/Natasha Romanova, Captain America/Steve Rogers, Captain America/Sam Wilson, Falcon/Sam Wilson, Hawkeye/Clint Barton, Hercules, Iron Man/Tony Stark, Spider-Man/Peter Parker, Spider-Woman/Jessica Drew, Thor/Jane Foster, Thor/Odinson, Vision, Wolverine, James Howlett), Cammi Bennaly, Beta Ray Bill, G'illian Blax'zthor, Elsa Bloodstone, Ulysses Bloodstone, Luke Cage, Captain America (Sam Wilson), Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers), Dr. Jerry Carpenter, Champions (teen Cyclops/Scott Summers, Hulk/Amadeus Cho, Ms. Marvel/Kamala Khan, Nova/Sam Alexander, Spider-Man/Miles Morales, Viv Vision), Chef Bear, Chipmunk Hunk (Tomas Lara-Perez), Chrrt-Chuk race, the Collector, Controller (Basil Sandhurst), "Cosmic Baby," Deadpool (Wade Wilson), Deanna Delaney, Devil Dinosaur, Dr. Strange (Stephen Strange), Doop, Drax the Destroyer (Arthur Douglas), John Eden, Egghead (Elihas Starr), Fin Fang Foom of Earth-66682 (Poison), Five Weapons Society (Deadly Hammer, others), Galactus, Gloorthian Death Crab, Granitor, Guardians of the Galaxy (Drax the Destroyer/Arthur Douglas, Groot, Rocket Raccoon, Star-Lord/Peter Quill), Hippo, Professor Holt, Honey Badger (Gabby), Hulk (Bruce Banner), Hulk (Amadeus Cho), Hydra, Inhumans (Karnak/Karnak Mander-Azur, Medusa/Medusalith Amaquelin), Iron Man (Rhodes), Iron Man (Stark), Iron Nail (Ren Shan), J. Jonah Jameson, Justice League (particularly Wonder Woman), Kee Kaa Kon, Killer Thrill, Koi Boi (Ken Shiga), Kraven the Hunter (Sergei Kravinoff), Lo Lin Laam, Lady Hellbender, Legion of Night, Leviathon Horde, Leviathon Mother, Chan Liuchow, Mary Mahajan, the Mandarin, Mentallo (Marvin Flumm), Mirage (Desmond Charne), Mole Man (Harvey Elder), Moon Girl (Lunella Lafayette), Ms. Chloe, Odin Borson, Old Man Logan-21923 (James Howlett), Ora, Planet Terry,  R304, Monica Rappacinni, Ratatoskr, Rhino (Alexei Sytsevich), Dr. Carl Roberts, Sentinel X-42903-22, She-Hulk (Jennifer Walters), S.H.I.E.L.D. (Maria Hlil, others), #$%& King, Skuttlebutt, Spider-Man (Miles Morales), Squirrel Girl (Doreen Green), the Stonians, Commander Sootori, Sorcerer Brothers (Zheng Yi, Zheng Zu), S.W.O.R.D., Thor Odinson, Thor (Jane Foster), Thunder Guard, Tippy-Toe, Tiik Taak Toe, Tim Boo Ba, Tree Lobster, Tyrannus (Romulus Augustulus), Dr. Vault, Vision ("Victor Shade"), Warriors Three (Fandral, Hildegarde, Hogun), Watcher (Uatu), Wolverine (Laura Kinney), X-Men (Armor/Hisako Ichiki, Colossus/Piotr Rasputin, Cyclops/Scott Summers, Emma Frost, Ink/Eric Gitter, Magneto/Max Eisenhardt, teen Marvel Girl/Jean Grey, Old Man Logan/James Howlett, Shadowcat/Kitty Pryde, Storm/Ororo Munroe, Wolverine/James Howlett), Billy Yuan;
     formerly Fantastic Four, It the Living Colossus

Known Relatives: Fraktur (alleged cousin)

Aliases: He Whose Limbs Shatter Mountains and Whose Back Scrapes the Sky, Lord Foom, Sleeping Dragon, the Serpent

Base of Operations: Unrevealed;
    formerly Abcess, North Dakota (possibly, see comments);
    formerly the Baxter Building, New York;
    formerly Ymir-Krul, Asgard (remains)
    formerly Monster Island, South Pacific
    formerly Asia House Curios, Seattle, Washington   
    formerly a subterranean cavern below Canada                        
    formerly the Valley of the Dragons, China
    formerly the planet Kakaranathara (aka Maklu IV), Maklu System, Greater Magellanic Cloud

First Appearance: Strange Tales I#89/1 (October , 1961)

Powers/Abilities: Fin Fang Foom possesses powers that are either natural to his race, or at least naturally attainable.  He can fly at subsonic speeds using the wings on his back.  He also possesses the shape-changing abilities of his fellow Kakaranatharans.  Fin Fang Foom can expel an acid mist resembling fire from his mouth in powerful blasts.  He has an extraordinarily long lifespan, and can communicate telepathically.  He has Superhuman Class 100 strength.  Fin Fang Foom also possesses a mastery over a fighting style similar to human martial arts.  After he was reduced to human size, he lost most of these abilities due to post-hypnotic possession, though anger could still cause him to emit his acid mist.

    Foom once consumed deadly Gamma bombs, allowing him to blow radioactive fire.

    Foom has worked as a successful chef, despite arthritis in his tail, and he once used a magic potion in his recipes that resulted in pink hair growth.

    Foom's excrement once gave the villain the #### King his powers.

    Professor Holt once created a pheromone (a Fin Fang Pheromone) that would drive Foom into a mindless rage.

    Foom has been summoned, sometimes against his will, by the magic of Big Ronnie or the powers of Kid Kaiju, across the universe, where his will has sometimes been subverted to others.

    Foom has dragon-like antibodies that grow within him to repel infections.

    Once, seeking to divest himself of his own rage, selfishness, and guilt, Foom discovered an ability to rid himself of these emotions and give them physical form as dragons external from himself, leaving him at a tiny size; he eventually reabsorbed the dragons.

Weaknesses: Vurnerability to an unidentified herb which can induce slumber.

Height: 32'; (length, including tail) 44'; his height has significantly varied between appearances.
Weight: 20 tons 
Eyes: Red 
Hair: None

History: (Iron Man I#274 (fb)) - Wishing to leave their peaceful planet of Kakaranthara, a group of conquest-bent members, including a navigator later named Fin Fang Foom on Earth, left their homeworld. 

(Iron Man I#272 (fb)) - In the times of ancient China, the ship crash landed.  When the dragon-like aliens emerged from their ship, one of their members was struck down by a native human.  The rest of the survivors fled into what would become known as the Valley of the Dragons.

(Iron Man I#274 (fb)-BTS) - Over time, the dragons learned how to change their shape to mimic humans, but not before five more were killed by men. While his captain took on the guise of Chen Hsu, and others took on roles within the Chinese communities, Foom was designated to remain in his form, and was put into a long slumber by an herbal leaf by Hsu.

(Iron Man I#263 (fb)-BTS) - At various points in time, Foom apparently emerged from his slumber to terrorize the locals. Eventually, after he went back into hibernation, a unit of guards began to patrol the doorway to his tomb, not allowing anyone to enter.

(Shang-Chi I#1 (fb) ) - Hundreds of years ago, Foom was awakened when the Chinese Emperor sought to build a mansion near his resting place. Foom attacked, but the Sorcerer Brothers and the Five Weapons Society held him off.

(Marvel Holiday Special 2006/2 (fb) - BTS) - In ancient Greece Foom fought the Hydra.

(Marvel Holiday Special 2006/2 (fb) - BTS) - Over the years Foom battled against dragon monsters such as Kee Kaa Kon, Lo Lin Laam, and Tiik Taak Toe.

(Marvel Monsters: From the Files of Ulysses Bloodstone and the Monster Hunters#1) - At some point in the past, Foom battled Ulysses Bloodstone, though the outcome of their battle remains unknown.

(Thor II#80 (fb)-BTS) - Thor slew Fin Fang Foom, and used his bones and skull to construct the tomb of Eitri in Ymir-Krul. The tomb was subsequently destroyed by Loki.

(Strange Tales I#89 (fb) BTS) - Chan Liuchow discovered an ancient manuscript describing the legend of Fin Fang Foom.

(Strange Tales I#89) - When the communist Chinese attacked his homeland of Taiwan, Chan sought to find a way to stop them.  Making his way into the Valley of Dragons, he found the crypt believed to be Foom's, guarded by a group of men, descendants of the original guards.  Making his way past them, he entered the tomb.  Using an herb described about in the manuscript, Chan rubbed it on the dragon's lips, causing the beast to awaken.  Angrily, the monster chased after him, and Chan led him straight into the camps of the communists.  When Fin Fang Foom destroyed the invaders, Chan lured him back to his crypt, using another herb to cause the monster to fall back into his slumber.

(Marvel Monsters: Fin Fang Four#1 (fb) BTS) - The Fanastic Four battled Fin Fang Foom and, after defeating him, deposited him on Monster Island.

(Hulk vs Fin Fang Foom#1) - Foom became encased underneath the ice in Antarctica. He emerged from the ice and possessed Dr. Jerry Carpenter, member of a group of scientists studying global warming. As Carpenter he returned to the group's base and soon took the form of Dr. Carl Roberts. Bruce Banner, who had been found near death in the snow, transformed into the Hulk during a confrontation with with Dr. Howard Tonkins. Foom realized he would be a better host and tried to convince the Hulk to work with him, but the Hulk fought Foom and eventually tossed him to the moon.

(Marvel Monsters: Monsters on the Prowl#1 (fb) BTS) - At some point, the Elder of the Universe known as the Collector captured Fin Fang Foom and placed him in his zoo of giant monsters below Canada.

(Marvel Monsters: Monsters on the Prowl#1) - When the Mole Man attacked the Collector's base, all of the Elder's monsters were freed. While many went on to rampage through New York City, Fin Fang Foom was not among them. Presumably, he returned to his lair in China.

(Astonishing Tales#23) - Dr. Vault reawakened Fin Fang Foom, intending to control him to destroy whomever controlled It, the Living Colossus (so that Vault could take possession of the creation).  However, Foom quickly broke free of Vault's control, and aided It in defeating Granitor and his hordes.  After driving them off, Vault managed to once again establish dominance over the dragon.

(Astonishing Tales#24) - Foom, now under Vault's power, attacked It, and the two battled until the beast was driven into some powerlines.  Once again free of Vault, Foom stopped the fight, and to show It that he was being controlled, drew a picture of Vault's face in the dirt. Foom then began to swim home.

(Legion of Night#1) - The demon known as Aan Taanu possessed Fin Fang Foom to use as a vessel on Earth, and he/they broke free from his crypt again.

(Legion of Night#2) - As the demon-possessed dragon battled the group of supernatural beings known as the Legion of the Night (including his old foe Chan), Aan Taanu recreated himself in Foom's image within Taanu's realm. There, he impregnated the member of the Beyond Reason Spiritual Fellowship known as Hildreth.  When their demonspawn, along with Hildreth, was killed, Aan Taanu was banished fully back into his own dimension.  Without the demon controlling him, Fin Fang Foom fell/dove into the New York Harbor.

(BTS) - At some point, Foom returned to the Valley of the Dragons and returned to his slumber.

(Iron Man I#261) - The Mandarin and Chen Hsu arrived at Fin Fang Foom's crypt, and the Mandarin entered.  There, he found Foom, and used one of the ancient herbal leaves to awaken him.

(Iron Man I#262) - The Mandarin confronted Fin Fang Foom, and told him of the changes China had endured since last Foom woke.  Foom responded that he didn't care about the affairs of humans.

(Iron Man I#263) - Awake and angry, Foom emerged from his tomb, and engaged in destroying every trace of humanity he could find around him. After killing every person in the nearby vicinity, the dragon turned his attention to the Mandarin, but Chen Hsu blew a puff of smoke that knocked Foom back into his slumber.

(Iron Man I#264) - With a sleeping Foom perched against the Great Wall of China, the Mandarin met with Chinese government officials and demanded they turn the country over to him.

(Iron Man I#267) - Foom continued to sleep.

(Iron Man I#268) - Fin Fang Foom continued to sleep as the Mandarin plotted.

(Iron Man I#270) - As Foom still slept, The Mandarin realized that Iron Man had arrived in China. 

(Iron Man I#271 (fb) - After being alerted to the Mandarin's actions, James Rhodes, in the Iron Man armor, flew off to find him, only to be confronted by Fin Fang Foom.

(Iron Man I#271) - As Foom attacked Iron Man, Chen Hsu contacted another member of their disguised race, Wu Pong, and alerted him of the impending "Awakening."  Rhodes managed to bury the dragon under rubble, but Foom quickly freed himself and knocked Rhodes unconscious.

(Iron Man I#272) - Just as Foom was about to deliver the killing blow to Rhodes, Chen Hsu telepathically contacted and halted him.  As the two, and the Mandarin, loomed over their beaten foe, they were surprised by the arrival of another Iron Man (actually a remote-controlled suit piloted from afar by Tony Stark).

(Iron Man I#273) - As Stark's husk battled the giant, Hsu summoned the rest of his brethren from across the globe.  The more the two battled, the less control over the suit Stark had.  Finally, he made a decision to order the armor to retreat.  Just afterwards, the Mandarin and an awakening Rhodes were stunned to see the rest of Foom's race arrive from the sky.

(Iron Man I#274) - With his crew reassembled, Chen Hsu shed his mortal form, retaking that of his true dragon-like self.  There, the ten Dragon Lords wrecked havoc, relishing in their new-found freedom.  Several of them took human form and demanded the Mandarin hand over his rings of power, originally theirs, to them. When he refused, they reverted to their alien forms and prepared to attack him, only to be attacked themselves by Stark, now inside his Iron Man armor.

(Iron Man I#275) - Stark, Rhodes and the Mandarin, disillusioned by Hsu's deception, joined forces in their assault on the Dragon Lords.  As Hsu taunted the Mandarin regarding the human not being able to use his rings to their most powerful level, Stark realized that he could amplify them.  Grabbing on to his enemy's hands, Iron Man pulsed a large amount of energy through them, causing a near-nuclear blast that seemingly killed off the aliens.

(Iron Man III#15 (fb)/BTS) - Foom's spirit came to reside in a small dragon statue in Asia House Curios, a shop in Seattle.

(Iron Man III#15) - Billy Yuan noticed the statue lying in Asia House Curios and Treasures, but couldn't afford to buy it. Within another dimension, Fin Fang Foom sensed Yuan, and planned to draw him back to the statue.

(Iron Man III#16) - Billy Yuan noticed that the statue seemed to have grown larger since he saw it the day before.  It then began to "speak" to him, and convinced him to steal it from the store.  The statue imbued Yuan with power, turning him into a reptilian being that then went on a rampage through Seattle.  Iron Man (who had been in town on business as Tony Stark) rushed to the area, and battled the mutated man.  After Iron Man defeated him, thousands upon thousands of lizards swarmed out of the nearby storm grates, covering Yuan.  As Iron Man realized too late, this mass of reptiles merged, bringing Fin Fang Foom back to his original form.

(Iron Man III#17) - As Foom physically battled Iron Man, he also found himself in psychic confrontation with Billy Yuan, the man whose body he possessed.  The two fought for control, with Foom even threatening Billy's hospitalized sister.  That proved to be the final straw for Yuan, who managed to take full control for just one brief moment, causing the dragon to stand still and bear the brunt of Iron Man's full attack.  As Foom fell into unconsciousness, Yuan's spirit, tired from the battle, slipped into nothingness.

(Iron Man III#18) - Iron Man handed over the sleeping giant to the Navy, or rather, to Sunset Bain and Baintronics, who had subcontracted with the military to handle Foom.

(Marvel Monsters: Fin Fang Four#1 (fb) BTS) - At some point, the Fantastic Four (or another agency) again deposited Foom on Monster Island.

(JLA/Avengers#1) - Fin Fang Foom was among the creatures that confronted the dimension-hopping Justice League on Monster Isle.  He was thrown around by Wonder Woman before being left in a pile with the other now-defeated monsters.

(Marvel Monsters: Fin Fang Four#1/Marvel Monsters: From the Files of Ulysses Bloodstone and the Monster Hunters#1 (fb)-BTS) - Fin Fang Foom regained his form. He was again imprisoned on Monster Isle, where he continued a legal battle he had started there some time before. He also became a follower of Buddhism.

(Marvel Monsters: Fin Fang Four#1) - After a five year legal battle, Fin Fang Foom (tiring of the years of combat) and three other creatures from the Age of Monsters were granted releases from Monster Isle.  The conditions of their releases saw them reduced to human size and given jobs at the Baxter Building. This parole was vehemently denounced by J. Jonah Jameson during a televised interview in which Foom and his attorney Jennifer Walters explained the situation.  Foom became head chef at the Green Wok, located in the Baxter Building.  When his fellow monster Googam (who had been given the job of parking attendant) accidentally brought Tim Boo Ba and his warriors to Earth, Foom rounded up Gorgilla and Elektro to help stop the creature.  The four comandeered a Fantasti-Car and defeated Tim Boo Ba, becoming heroes in the process. The four attended a press conference, during which Googam tried to claim all the credit for defeating Tim Boo Ba. Fin Fang Foom dragged him out of the conference and beat him severely. After the adventure, Foom and Reed Richards played a game of chess in Central Park, discussing the future of Foom and his fellow monsters.

(Marvel Holiday Special 2006/2) - While out for a walk in New York during Christmas time, Fin Fang Foom ran into Wong, manservant of Dr. Strange, who had studied Fin Fang Foom at the monastery of Kamar-Taj, learning there of his battles against Kee Kaa Kon, Lo Lin Laam, and Tiik Taak Toe. When a band of Hydra terrorists sent a Santa Claus robot on a rampage, Fin Fang Foom reluctantly joined the fray, fighting side-by-side with Wong.

(Giant-Size Avengers II#1/9) - Foom used the legal help of Goodman, Lieber, Kurtzberg & Holliway to end the Fin Fang Four's required parole visits to Dr. Leonard Samson. His arrogance led to a fight with Googam and the other Fin Fang Four members.

(Dark Reign Files) - Quasimodo researched Fin Fang Foom for Norman Osborn.

(Drax I#10 (fb) – BTS) – Fin Fang Foom was exiled from Maklua-IV ages ago when the dragons didn’t approve of his world-conquering ways. (Fin Fang Four Return! I#1 (fb) – BTS) – Ages ago, Fin Fang Foom battled other dragons, including Kee Kaa Kon, Lo Lin Laam, and Tiik Taak Toe, and the battles were written about in ancient texts, which Wong read growing up.

(Age of Heroes I#3/3) – Foom lay unconscious as news crews closed in.

(Astonishing X-Men III#36) – Manipulated by Mentallo, a giant Fin Fang Foom attacked Tokyo.

(Astonishing X-Men III#37) – Foom continued attacking the city, as the X-Men (Cyclops, Emma Frost, Wolverine) fought back. Soon, the force-armor-generating Armor joined the fight.

(Astonishing X-Men III#39) – Foom continued battling the X-Men until Armor defeated him, tying him up in a construction tower.

(Amazing Spider-Man I#661/2) – Fin Fang Foom battled the Avengers (Hawkeye, Thor, Iron Man, Spider-Woman, Spider-Man, Captain America, Wolverine) in New York City.

(Incredible Hulks I#630) – Hulk, Red She-Hulk, A-Bomb, She-Hulk, Amadeus Cho, and Monica Rappacini battled in Las Vegas. When an errant wish was cast from a wishing well, several of Hulk’s old foes magically appeared, including Foom, Bi-Beast, Wendigo, Armageddon/Arm’Cheddon, and Umar.
(Incredible Hulks I#631) – Foom traded blows with the Hulk.

(Incredible Hulks I#634 (fb) – BTS) – Granted the ability to get a wish, Foom wished for the power to conquer the world, but he found himself the mental slave of Tyrannus as a result.

(Incredible Hulks I#633) – As the ‘wishing war’ continued, Tyrannus declared war on the Hulk family, took Red She-Hulk and Fin Fang Foom to the Dark Dimension to continue the battle.

(Incredible Hulks I#634) – Foom continued attacking in the battle as the Mindless Ones got involved, then Tyrannus rode Foom to a Gamma Bomb facility in New Mexico.

(Incredible Hulks I#635) – Foom consumed the bombs, allowing him to breathe deadly radioactive fire, and the Hulks started to mutate further, but eventually they absorbed the excess gamma radiation, returning Foom to normal.

(Wolverine and the X-Men I#17) – Doop fought Foom in front of stone warriors.

(Superior Foes of Spider-Man I#3 (fb)) – Fin Fang Foom attacked two civilians, Mirage and his date Deanna Delaney, but Thor and Iron Man defeated the dragon.

(Indestructible Hulk I#14) – When time was in flux, Warlord Hulk battled Fin Fang Foom in the 15th Century. Hulk defeated Foom by choking the dragon with his own tail.

(Fantastic Four V#1) – Influenced by an outside source (later revealed as John Eden), Foom rampaged in New York City until the Fantastic Four defeated him by using a chemical agent that shut down his powers. S.H.I.E.L.D. picked up Foom, determined to turn him over to S.W.O.R.D.

(Avengers: Child Life I#1) – Foom battled the Avengers (Black Widow, Captain America, Falcon, Iron Man, Thor), who soon defeated him.

(Foolkiller III#2 (fb) – BTS) – During one conflict on Earth, Fin Fang Foom was attacking civilians when he defecated on one household, killing all with in except one. Foom’s waste granted that man the powers of terrible stenches, and he later took on the costumed identity of the #### King.

(Drax I#10 (fb) – BTS) – Wanting to get back to his home planet of Maklua-IV, Foom went to a distant planet where he knew Makluan eggs were buried. Needing to find the eggs and then bathe them in blood so the aliens would grow to be warriors, he planned to make others dig for the eggs for him.

(Drax I#3 (fb) – BTS) – Becoming known as the Serpent, Foom began kidnapping local children and putting them to work in the mine to find his eggs. He also apprehended Terrax the Tamer.

(Drax I#4 (fb) – BTS) – Foom also captured Torgo.

(Drax I#2 – BTS) – Ora hired Drax to find the missing children.

(Drax I#3) – Drax tracked down the missing aliens in an attempt to free them, but Foom revealed himself as the Serpent and breathed fire to scare Drax.

(Drax I#4 (fb) – BTS) – Drax was captured by Foom and placed with the other prisoners.

(Drax I#4) – Foom oversaw his prisoners working in chains and was thrilled as they finally found some eggs. As Foom ordered the eggs to be handled carefully, he then ordered his prisoners (equipped with collars to block their powers) to the arena for battles, where he planned to use the blood spilled there to bathe the eggs in. Drax and Terrax battled a rare Gloorthian Death Crab, killing the creature. Drax, Torgo, and Terrax soon broke out of their collars and turned the attack back on Foom.

(Drax I#5) – Foom furiously battled Drax, Torgo, and Terrax until Foom decided the battle wasn’t worth it, so he grabbed the Makluan eggs and a handful of eggs and began flying away, passing through a portal across time and space to Maklu-IV.

(Drax I#5 – BTS) – Drax dropped one egg while flying, then found that all the other eggs had turned to dust along the way.

(Drax I#5) – Drax passed through the portal and found Foom, who was asking to be killed for his shame. They chose to leave Foom behind in his own shame, and Terrax shockingly chose to stay with him.

(Drax I#10 (fb) – BTS) – Foom and Terrax spent the following weeks becoming friends and planting crops. They occupied a home labeled "Fin Fang Farm," and Foom began to find contentment.

(Drax I#10) – Foom was talking to Terrax when he abruptly heard the cry of his infant, the survivor of the last egg from very far away. Foom explained that whatever a Makluan newborn was exposed to at birth would shape who that child became; though he’d planned to bathe the eggs in the blood of warriors initially, he now wanted to show the hatchling love. Foom rushed back to Maklua-IV, where he attacked some Makluans who were at war with Drax and his allies (Planet Terry, Cammi Benally, Torgo, R304, Ora) over the dragon hatchling. Foom saw the Makluans run, and he encouraged Drax and the others to let them go, then he assured them of his desire to find peace, but learned the mercenary Killer Thrill had taken the baby dragon.

(Drax I#11) – Foom rushed through space, tracking the baby dragon, as Drax’s ship rushed behind him. They landed on a planet, seeing corpses everywhere, victims of Killer Thrill. They soon battled Killer Thrill’s mercenary allies, with Foom breathing fire everywhere, before Drax defeated Killer Thrill, choosing to show mercy and let her live. Drax helped Foom realize that he couldn’t raise the hatchling if he wanted the child to have a healthy upbringing, so Foom left Drax to make the decision (and he later chose Ora). Foom and Terrax returned to the Fin Fang Farm together.

(Totally Awesome Hulk I#2) – Back on Earth, Foom was hunted by Lady Hellbender, an alien woman seeking to apprehend monsters and take them back to her home planet. Foom dove beneath the waves to avoid her.

(Totally Awesome Hulk I#3) – Foom feasted on sharks before battling the Hulk (Amadeus Cho), who was working with Lady Hellbender to contain monsters and protect civilians. After stopping Foom’s actions from setting off a nuclear reactor, Hulk tracked Foom to the shores of Hawaii, where Hulk attacked again. After shaking off Foom’s acid spit, Hulk poured chemicals in Foom’s mouth that turned the acid into salt, then he knocked the dragon out with one punch.

(All-New Wolverine I#8 – BTS) – A scientist named Professor Holt created a pheromone that, when exposed to air, would drive Fin Fang Foom mad, driving him into a murderous rage. When Old Man Logan and S.H.I.E.L.D. agents tried arresting her, she opened the box, and Foom soon arrived, consuming Logan and the agents.

(All-New Wolverine I#8) – Maria Hill, aboard the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier, opened the box, and the dragon emerged from the waters and attacked the ship, which contained Wolverine (Laura Kinney) and Honey Badger (Gabby). Wolverine allowed herself to be swallowed.

(All-New Wolverine I#9) – As Foom battled S.H.I.E.L.D. and the newly arrived Iron Man (Tony Stark) and Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers), Wolverine helped Old Man Logan escape from Foom’s stomach, clawing her way back up his neck. Wolverine strapped on his jet-pack and doused herself in pheromone to lead Foom away from the population center.

(Gwenpool Holiday Special: Merry Mix-Up I#1/3 (fb) – BTS) – Under unknown circumstances, Foom developed a friendship with the mortal costume designer "Big Ronnie," a woman who knew how to summon him with potions and magic. He seemed to have feelings of affection for her.

(Gwenpool Holiday Special: Merry Mix-Up I#1/2 (fb) – BTS) – Foom studied New York City’s weaknesses by listening to classic American music about the city. He teamed up with Red Skull, M.O.D.O.K., and Thanos.

(Gwenpool Holiday Special: Merry Mix-Up I#1/2) – Foom attacked New York City on Christmas Eve, when he knew the heroes would be away, but Spider-Man (Miles Morales) attacked. Though Foom initially used acid to break through Spider-Man’s webbing, Spidey defeated him with a venom blast. When Red Skull, M.O.D.O.K., and Thanos revealed their presence, Spider-Man was overwhelmed until Galactus the Lifebringer showed up to frighten them away.

(Gwenpool Holiday Special: Merry Mix-Up I#1/3) – Big Ronnie summoned Foom, who apologized for having stayed away from her recently, and she informed him about Pantsgiving. Foom rushed to the streets and demanded that mortals celebrate the holiday properly, but he was soon knocked down by a helicopter crashing into his head. Ronnie rushed to his side, calling him ‘Little Egg’, which made him cry. Inspired by words from the Punisher, Big Ronnie and Foom instead started giving free shorts out to everyone, tossing them in the streets, and they even delivered a pair to the Silver Surfer on the moon.

(Dr. Strange IV#1.MU) – In San Diego, Foom and other monsters battled Dr. Strange, Thor (Jane Foster), Vision, Captain America (Sam Wilson), and Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers).

(Monsters Unleashed II#1) – Kei Kawade used his pencil and paper to summon several monsters, including Foom, Zzutak, Green Thing, and Gorgilla.
 
(Monsters Unleashed II#2) – Kawade sent Foom, Pildorr the Plunderer, Vandoom’s Monster, the Thing that Crawled by Night, Green Thing, Gorgilla, Zzutak, Metallo, Blip, Oog, Bruttu, the Creature from the Black Bog, the Crawling Creature, Goom, Googam, Tim Bo Baa, the Monster, Ulvar, Rommbu, Monsteroso, Monstrom, and Quogg against the Leviathon Horde. Foom and the other monsters, including Sporr, Abominable Snowman, and Insect Man, battled the Leviathon Horde alongside many of Earth’s heroes, including the Avengers, the Champions, Dr. Strange, the X-Men, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Inhumans, Elsa Bloodstone, Moon Girl, Devil Dinosaur, and S.H.I.E.L.D.

(Unbeatable Squirrel Girl II#47) – Melissa Morbeck assembled a group of super-villains, including Foom, the Leader, Whiplash, Baron Mordo, Dr. Doom, Taskmaster, Dormammu, and M.O.D.O.K., proposing an alliance to take down Squirrel Girl.

(Unbeatable Squirrel Girl II#48) – Foom applauded when Doom made a speech, then Morbeck showed her secret weapon: Brain Drain attached to a tank. Now wearing Iron Man armor and calling herself the Iron Ring, Morbeck took Foom and the others to face off against Squirrel Girl and her friends, including Iron Man, Tippy-Toe, Mary Mahajan, Nancy Whitehead, Chipmunk Hunk, and Koi Boi. Foom grabbed Nancy and Mary, then prepared for war.

(Unbeatable Squirrel Girl II#49) – After letting Nancy and Mary go, Foom battled Squirrel Girl. He soon hit Squirrel Girl, Koi Boi, and Chipmunk Hunk with his tail, calling it a ‘Fin Fang Boom’. Foom breathed fire at the heroes before several of Squirrel Girl’s allies attacked, (including Ratatoskr, Rhino, Ms. Chloe, Kraven the Hunter, Sentinel X-42903-22, G'illian Blax'zthor, Hippo, Sootori, the Chrt-Chuk, Mole Man, Chef Bear, the Tree Lobster, and Alfredo the Chicken) and he was soon fighting with Sentinel X-42903-22.

(Unbeatable Squirrel Girl II#50) – Galactus arrived and sent all the villains back to their homes, including Foom.

(Black Panther and the Agents of Wakanda I#8 (fb) – BTS) – Seeking to divest himself of violence, Foom meditated for hours and found himself able to expel his rage, guilt, and selfishness, but they externalized as large dragons which soon hatched outside of himself, each a different color. Shrunken to a tiny version of himself, Foom wanted these other aspects of him destroyed, so he snuck aboard a freighter and traveled to Avengers Mountain, where he planned to ask Iron Man for help.

(Beta Ray Bill I#1 (fb) - BTS) - Knull infected Fin Fang Foom with a symbiote and then controlled him, sending him to attack Asgard.

(Beta Ray Bill I#1) - The Knull-controlled Fin Fang Foom attacked Asgard, battling the Thunder Guard, Beta Ray Bill, and Skuttlebutt, but he was soon defeated by a lightning strike by Thor.

(Marvel Meow Infinity Comic#9) - When a cat chased Tippy-Toe, Loki (as a cat) chased the cat, Jeff the Land-Shark chased Loki, Old Lace chased Jeff, Devil Dinosaur chased Old Lace, Ultron Dinosaur chased Devil, and Fin Fang Foom chased Ultron. Squirrel Girl beat up Fin Fang Foom stopping the fight. Jeff later played with the others.

Comments: Created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby and Dick Ayers.

    Every single writer after the original appearance had a seriously different idea of what Fin Fang Foom was.  Tony Isabella turned him into a Godzilla clone in his Astonishing Tales appearances, Byrne turned him into an alien (I personally HATE this retcon), and Steve Gerber gave him a more supernatural/demonic nature.  Kurt Busiek sort of successfully merged them, leaving behind the rest of the dragons but keeping his mad-on for Iron Man, and kept a slight supernatural aspect.

    Foom's apparent death at the hands of Thor is fairly meaningless. He survived a small nuclear holocaust. I'm sure once Ragnarok occurred (or even before it), Foom found a way to revive himself.  Note: Since the original publication of this profile, Fin Fang Foom has indeed resurfaced. - Madison
    This appearance in Thor can be thought of as either a skull of Foom from a previous defeat, having reformed earlier on than the story itself took place, or perhaps it's an alternate Foom. There's certainly enough of them floating around the multiverse.

    A lot of people seem to want to discount Foom's appearances in Astonishing Tales as not the real Foom, even theorizing that it was the Midgard Serpent, who impersonated him at one point.  Their main "proof" is that FFF never talks during these appearances.  How that could make him the Midgard Serpent is beyond me, as he was even MORE verbose than FFF. Plus, he awakened in the same spot Foom originally appeared. I don't know why he couldn't talk, but it was Foom.

    The Nextwave story: At first, Nextwave was stated as being non-continuity, but now it looks like it is, but skirting the edges. So how do we align what we saw here concerning Foom with what we've seen elsewhere? Well, there's a number of theories: First, he could have given up his chef job and returned to his old ways. Second, it may not even be Foom. Dirk Anger, the leader of H.A.T.E. (and Nextwave's arch-nemesis) and S.I.L.E.N.T. (the terrorist company fronting the Beyond Corporation and which had bought out H.A.T.E.) were using genetic abominations to further their end. The FFF seen in Nextwave could be one of them, an inferior clone of FFF (hence the odd speech pattern). - Thanks go to Sean McQuaid for this theory. - Madison
Sean's theory became canon in Foom's entry in OHotMU A-Z Hardcover#4.

    The Valley of the Dragons has also been referred to as the Valley of the Dragon and the the Valley of the Sleeping Dragon. 

    Why was he on Monster Island? Who knows. Maybe he was searching out the objects of power himself.

    Byrne really screwed up, er, I mean retconned, a lot of stuff with his story.  Tying in Axon-Karr with Foom was genius, sure, but he had to go and change the name of their planet from Maklu IV to the elementary school-sounding Kakaranthara. Also, there are some inconsistencies.  When the Dragon Lords land on Earth, they all look like Fin Fang Foom, but about six or seven feet tall. By the time they reunite, they all look totally different.  And even after they revert to their original forms, Foom still towers over the rest in some scenes.

    Legion of Night was published in 1991, after the first Iron Man storyline, but it fits better before it (Plus, the story had been written and actually promoted in ads well before the IM appearances).

    Is Fin Fang Foom connected somehow to Grogg? He could very well be one of the missing Dragon Lords, believed dead by the others. Or, since Grogg's story was retconned by entire countries, he could even be the Earth-616 comic book version of Foom's Strange Tales adventure, as they would have no idea where he disappeared to. - This has since proven to be pretty much a non-issue. In Grogg's recent appearances, he has proven to be part of a race that was on Earth long before Foom arrived. - Madison

• There is conflicting information about the current status of the Makluans and Maklu-4.
  
• Status/fate of Fin Fang Foom's planet and race
• In Drax#5, Drax, Terrax and Torgo followed Fin Fang Foom through a portal and found themselves on a planet that was (according to Robot Head) Maklu-IV, FFF’s homeworld. In a desert with the large dragon skeletons in it, they found Fin Fang Foom who was crying because he now knew that he was to be the last of his kind. Foom explained that his eggs were all that was left of the great space dragons but they were nothing but dust. Terrax stayed with the sad dragon and they were still on that planet (and farming) in Drax#10 when Foom heard the psychic call of the infant dragon.
• Later, in Black Panther and the Agents of Wakanda#8, the tiny Fin Fang Foom told Broo that “Kakaranthara was gone” which suggests that Foom's homeworld was actually dead.
• However, between these two stories, in All-New Guardians of the Galaxy Annual#1, Peter Quill went to Kakaranthara, the homeworld of the Makluans, and met with three giant dragons to seek their aid in lowering the HYDRA force field around Earth. The dragons refused to help. 
• So, was Maklu-4 destroyed and then somehow restored? Or was its apparent destruction just some sort of a trick?
• And what about the Makluans? Are they all dead except for FFF, the ice dragon hatchling, and the six evil space dragons who tried to steal the hatchling? Were the three who met with Quill part of that evil group of six or were they different Makluans? Has the race been destroyed except for a handful of survivors or was their extinction also a trick? 
• An alien female named Fraktur first appeared as a Nova Corps member in Nova IV#18 and in the following issue she claimed that her cousin's name was Fin Fang Foom. While there is no reason to believe that she was lying about her cousin, Fraktur does look somewhat more humanoid than other Makluans but, since her race are shape-shifters, that may just be the form she had chosen in order to interact with smaller humanoids.

In Fin Fang Foom's first appearance his colour was orange not green (only green on the cover and reprints of this story. Plus modern stories).
--Gammatotem

Profile by Madison Carter. Updated by Markus Raymond and Chadman (Marvel Assistant-Sized Spectacular I#1/1 (2009) through Black Panther and the Agents of Wakanda I#8 (2020))

Clarifications:

Fin Fang Foom has several counterparts and imposters, including:

• Fin Fang Flame, of Earth-Amalgam, amalgamation of Foom and DC's Brimstone, @JLX Unleashed#1
• Fin Fang Foom, of Earth-1298 (Mutant X), member of the Lethal Legion, @ Mutant X Annual 2001
• Fin Fang Foom, of Earth-Marvel Action Hour: Iron Man, controlled by the Mandarin, @ Marvel Action Hour: Iron Man#1
• Fin Fang Foom, Foom's spirit, of Earth X, @ Paradise X Special: Xen#1
• Fin Fang Foom clone, created by the Beyond Corporation @ Nextwave#1
• Fin Fang Foom imposter, a Mindless One controlled by the demon Nightmare,  @Hulk III#78-79
• Fin Fang Foom duplicate, created by Reed Richards to combat Dr. Doom, @Fantastic Four: The World's Greatest Comics Magazine#12
• The Midgard Serpent, who impersonated Fin Fang Foom, @Thor I#379
  

images:
Astonishing Tales#23, page 11, panel 1 (main image - note: actually just reused image from Strange Tales I#89)
Astonishing Tales#24, page 22, panel 3
Legion of Night#2, page 18, panel 1(possessed by Aan Taanu)
Iron Man I#271, page 17, panel 1 (versus Iron Man)
Iron Man III#17, page 2-3 (vs. IM, part 2)
Marvel Monsters: Fin Fang Four#1, page 21, panel 1 (Chef)
Drax I#11, p2, pan1 (Fin Fang Farm)
Tony Stark, Iron Man I#1, p20, pan2 (Foom’s antibodies)
Black Panther and the Agents of Wakanda I#8, p8, pan1 (externalized Fooms)
Beta Ray Bill I#1, p10, pan1 (Knull form)
Strange Tales I#89, p1, pan1 (original appearance)

Appearances:
Strange Tales I#89 (Otober, 1961) - Stan Lee (plot/editor), Larry Lieber (writer), Jack Kirby (pencils), Dick Ayers (inks)
Astonishing Tales#23 (April, 1974) - Tony Isabella (writer), Dick Ayers (pencils), Dick Ayers (inks), Roy Thomas (editor)
Astonishing Tales#24 (June, 1974) - Tony Isabella (writer), Dick Ayers & Larry Lieber (pencils), Vince Colletta (inks), Roy Thomas (editor)
Iron Man I#261-264 (October, 1990-January, 1991) - John Byrne (writer), John Romita Jr. (pencils), Bob Wiacek (inks), Howard Mackie (editor)
Iron Man I#267-268 (April-May, 1991) - John Byrne (writer), Paul Ryan (pencils), Bob Wiacek (inks), Howard Mackie (editor)
Iron Man I#270-275 (July-December, 1991) - John Byrne (writer), Paul Ryan & Mark Bright (#274) (pencils), Bob Wiacek (inks), Howard Mackie (editor)
Legion of Night#1 (1991) - Steve Gerber (writer), Whilce Portacio (pencils), Scott Williams (inks), Ralph Macchio (editor)
Legion of Night#2 (1991) - Steve Gerber (writer), Whilce Portacio (pencils), Dan Panosian (inks), Ralph Macchio (editor)
Iron Man III#15 (April, 1999) - Kurt Busiek & Roger Stern (writers), Sean Chen, Salvador Larroca & Terry Shoemaker (pencils), Eric Cannon, Larry Stucker, Mark Morales, Harry Candelario & Scott Koblish (inks), Bobbie Chase (editor)
Iron Man III#16 (May, 1999) - Kurt Busiek & Roger Stern (writers), Patrick Zircher & Anthony Williams (pencils), Andy Lanning, Larry Mahlstedt & Scott Koblish (inks), Bobbie Chase (editor)
Iron Man III#17-18 (June-July, 1999) - Kurt Busiek & Roger Stern (writers), Sean Chen (pencils), Larry Stucker & Eric Cannon (inks), Bobbie Chase (editor)
JLA/Avengers#1 (September, 2003) - Kurt Busiek (writer), George Perez (artist), Tom Brevoort & Dan Raspler (editors)
Thor II#80 (August, 2004) - Michael Avon Oeming & Daniel Berman (writers), Andrea Di Vito (artist), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Marvel Monsters: Fin Fang Four#1 (December, 2005) - Scott Gray (writer), Roger Langridge (artist), John Barber (editor)
Marvel Monsters: From the Files of Ulysses Bloodstone (and the Monster Hunters)#1 (January, 2006)
Marvel Monsters: Monsters on the Prowl#1 (December, 2005) - Steve Niles (writer), Duncan Fegredo (artist), Jenny Lee & Mark Paniccia (editors)
Nextwave#1-2 (March-April, 2006) - Warren Ellis (writer), Stuart Immonen (penciler), Wade Von Grawbadger (inker), Nick Lowe (editor)
Marvel Holiday Special 2006/2 (February, 2007) - Scott Gray (writer), Roger Langridge (artist), John Barber (editor)
Hulk vs Fin Fang Foom#1 (February, 2008) - Peter David (writer), Jorge Lucas (pencils), Robert Campanella (inks), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Giant-Size Avengers II#1 (February, 2008) - Scott Gray (writer), Roger Langridge (artist), John Barber (editor)
Dark Reign Files (February, 2009) - Michael Hoskin & various others (writer), Jeff Youngquist (editor)
Marvel Assistant-Sized Spectacular I#1/1 (June, 2009) – Chris Eliopoulos (writer), Jacob Chabot (artist), Alejandro Arbona (editor)
Fin Fang Four Return!#1 (July, 2009) – Scott Gray (writer), Roger Langridge (artist), Joe Quesada (editor)
Age of Heroes#3/3 (September, 2010) – Dan Slott (writer), Ty Templeton (artist), Joe Quesada (editor)
Astonishing X-Men III#36 (April, 2011) – Daniel Way (writer), Jason Pearson (penciler), Karl Story (inker), Nick Lowe (editor)
Astonishing X-Men III#37 (July, 2011) – Daniel Way (writer), Jason Pearson, Sara Pichelli (artists), Daniel Ketchum (editor)
Astonishing X-Men III#39 (August, 2011) – Daniel Way (writer), Nick Bradshaw (penciler), Norman Lee, Jay Leisten, Craig Yeung (inkers), Daniel Ketchum (editor)
Invincible Iron Man I#500.1 (April, 2011) – Matt Fraction (writer), Salvador Larroca (artist), Alejandro Arbona (editor)
Amazing Spider-Man I#661/2 (July, 2011) – Pul Benjamin (writer), Javier Pullido (artist), Joe Quesada (editor)
Incredible Hulks I#630 (August, 2011) – Greg Pak (writer), Paul Pelletier (penciler), Danny Miki (inker), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Incredible Hulks I#631 (August, 2011) – Greg Pak (writer), Paul Pelletier (penciler), Danny Miki, Allen Martinez (inkers), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Incredible Hulks I#633 (September, 2011) – Greg Pak (writer), Paul Pelletier (penciler), Danny Miki, Crimelab Studios (inkers), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Incredible Hulks I#634-635 (October, 2011) – Greg Pak (writer), Paul Pelletier (penciler), Danny Miki (inker), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Wolverine and the X-Men I#17 (November, 2012) – Jason Aaron (writer), Mike Allred (artist), Nick Lowe (editor)
Superior Foes of Spider-Man I#3 (November, 2013) – Nick Spencer (writer), Steve Lieber (artist), Tom Brennan (editor)
Captain America VII#12 (December, 2013) – Rick Remender (writer), Carlos Pacheco (penciler), Klaus Janson (inker), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Indestructible Hulk I#14 (December, 2013) – Mark Waid (writer), Mahmud Asrar, Kim Jacinto (artists), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Deadpool III#20 (February, 2014) – Brian Posehn, Gerry Duggan (writers), Scott Koblish (artist), Jordan White (editor)
Fantastic Four V#1 (April, 2014) – James Robinson (writer), Leonard Kirk (penciler), Karl Kesel (inker), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Avengers: Child Life#1 (February, 2015) - Jim Zub (writer), Wellinton Alves (penciler), Anderson Silva (inker), Bill Roseman (editor)
Drax I#3-5 (March-May, 2016) - Phil Brooks, Cullen Bunn (writers), Scott Hepburn (artist), Jake Thomas (editor)
Totally Awesome Hulk I#2-3 (March-April, 2016) - Greg Pak (writer), Frank Cho (artist), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Unbeatable Squirrel Girl II#5 (April, 2016) - Ryan North (writer), Erica Henderson (artist), Wil Moss (editor)
All-New Wolverine I#8-9 (July-August, 2016) - Tom Taylor (writer), Marcio Takara (artist), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Drax I#10-11 (October-November, 2016) - Phil Brooks, Cullen Bunn (writers), Scott Hepburn (artist), Jake Thomas (editor)
Foolkiller III#2 (February, 2017) - Max Bemis (writer), Dalibor Talajic (penciler), Jose Marzan Jr (inker), Darren Shan (editor)
Gwenpool Holiday Special: Merry Mix-Up#1/2 (February, 2017) - Ryan North (writer), Nathan Stockman (artist), Darren Shan (editor)
Gwenpool Holiday Special: Merry Mix-Up#1/3 (February, 2017) - Karla Pacheco (writer), Oscar Bazaldua (artist), Kathleen Wisneski (editor)
Monsters Unleashed II#1 (March, 2017) - Cullen Bunn (writer), Steve McNiven (penciler), Jay Leisten (inker), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Monsters Unleashed II#2 (April, 2017) - Cullen Bunn (writer), Greg Land (penciler), Jay Leisten (inker), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Monsters Unleashed II#3 (April, 2017) - Cullen Bunn (writer), Leinil Francis Yu (penciler), Gerry Alanguilan, Michael Jason Paz (inkers), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Monsters Unleashed II#4 (May, 2017) - Cullen Bunn (writer), Salvador Larroca (artist), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Monsters Unleashed II#5 (May, 2017) - Cullen Bunn (writer), Adam Kubert (artist), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Doctor Strange IV#1.MU (April, 2017) - Chip Zdarsky (writer), Julian Lopez (penciler), Scott Hanna (inker), Darren Shan (editor)
Unbelievable Gwenpool#18 (September, 2017) - Christopher Hastings (writer), Gurihiru (artist), Heather Antos (editor)
Monsters Unleashed III#7-8 (December, 2017) - Cullen Bunn (writer), Andrea Broccardo (artist), Christina Harrington (editor)
X-Men: Gold Annual#1 (March, 2018) - Marc Guggenheim, Leah Williams (writers), Alitha Martinez (artist), Chris Robinson (editor)
Tony Stark: Iron Man#1 (August, 2018) - Dan Slott (writer), Valerio Schiti (artist), Alanna Smith (editor)
Unbelievable Squirrel Girl II#47 (October, 2019) - Ryan North (writer), Derek Charm (artist), Wil Moss (editor)
Unbeatable Squirrel Girl II#48 (November, 2019) - Ryan North (writer), Derek Charm, Michael Cho, Evan Shaner (artists), Wil Moss (editor)
Unbeatable Squirrel Girl II#49-50 (December, 2019-January, 2020) - Ryan North (writer), Derek Charm (artist), Wil Moss (editor)
Black Panther and the Agents of Wakanda#7-8 (May, 2020) - Jim Zub (writer), Lan Medina (penciler), Craig Yeung (inker), Wil Moss (editor)
Shang-Chi I#1 (November, 2020) - Gene Luan Yang (writer), Philip Tan, Dike Ruan (artists), Darren Shan (editor)
Beta Ray Bill I#1 (May, 2021) - Daniel Warren Johnson (writer/artist), Kat Gregorowicz (editor)
Marvel Meow Infinity Comic#9 (June, 2022) - Nao Fuji (writer/artist), Caitlin O'Connell (editor)

First Posted: 06/29/2005
Last updated: 02/04/2023