ashake-egyptian-ohotmuASHAKE

Real Name: Ashake

Identity/Class: Human magic-user;
    Egyptian citizen;
   
26th - 11th century BC (see comments)

Occupation: Sorceress, disciple of Oshtur

Group Membership: None known

Affiliations: Ammut, Harmarkhis, Heka-Nut, Llyra, Magik (Illyana Rasputin), Mirage (Danielle Moonstar), Ian McNee, Morgan Le Fay, Oshtur, Phix;
    numerous other gods she invoked/drew power from including
Amun, Hauhet, Iah, Nu, Keku, Shai, Shu

Enemies: Chthon, Heka-Nut's warriors, Keku
    formerly
Heka-Nut

Known Relatives: Ayesha (distant ancestor);
    other unspecified ancestors;
    Ashake of Meroë (descendant)
;
   
Ororo Munroe (distant descendant), presumably N'Dare Munroe, and extended family via Ororo

Aliases: None

Base of Operations: Last seen in Ian McNee's Cornerstore on Creation;
    formerly
26th - 11th century BC Egypt

First Appearance: New Mutants I#32 (October, 1985)ashake-egyptian-ma1-face-glow

Powers/Abilities: Ashake’s sorcerous powers include the ability to create illusions, telepathically read the memories of others, sense the presence of other sorcerers (even across the timeline), learn other languages, and cast a “guiding spell.”

    She says she “walks the Shadow Path” as Magik does.

    She can summon the power of the gods and the protection of spirits through protective symbols (like the Eye of Ra and the Ankh) or through invocation, as was commonly done by priests and magicians in ancient Egypt.

    Amongst the gods she invoked for power were Oshtur (aka Ma'at, on many levels), Iah (for illusions), Ra (for light), Shai (for shields), and Shu (for concealment).

    Ashake is from a line of sorceresses, and she possessed a number of urns containing the spirits of her ancestors; each spirit possessing different strengths, they all watched over and protected Ashake.

    Ashake kept two familiars: Her cat, Phix, was constantly draped across her shoulders while she was in her home, and her bird, Harmarkhis, was usually perched near the entrance to her home. ashake-egyptian-ma1-full-feet

    She displayed some swordsmanship while wielding the Sword of Bone.

    By observing and recording certain archetypal individuals, Ashake created a set of images that became the Major Arcana cards of the First Tarot.
    The First Tarot is a powerful scrying item, capable of revealing information about the past, present and future to an individual who can properly read the images.
    Amun, Huahet, Nu, and Keku were specifically noted to aid in her use of the Tarot.

    As with most telepaths, Ashake found Magik's mind to be closed to her.

Height: 5'11"
Weight: 130 lbs.
Eyes: Blue
Hair: White

History:
(Mystic Arcana#1/2 (fb) - BTS / Mystic Arcana: The Book of Marvel Magic: Ashake) - Ashake is from a line of sorceresses stretching back to 10,000 BC’s Ayesha of Balobedu, one of Earth’s Sorcerer Supremes.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2 (fb) - BTS) - Ashake possessed a number of urns containing the spirits of her ancestors; each spirit possessing different strengths, they all watched over and protected Ashake.

(Mystic Arcana: The Book of Marvel Magic: Ashake) - In 26th century BC (see comments), Ashake was chosen by Ma’at (aka Oshtur) to learn magic beyond the abilities of most mortals.

(Mystic Arcana: Sister Grimm#1/3 (fb) - BTS / Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z hardcover#3: Dr. Glitternight entry) - Ashake and Heka-Nut were tutored in magic by Oshtur and other gods.

    The apprentices became good friends and studied faithfully for 1000 years (see comments), but Heka-Nut eventually grew jealous of Ashake’s superior skill, feeling that the gods favored her.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2 (fb) - BTS) - The dark god Keku (the primordial Ogdoad god of darkness and chaos and an agent of the Elder God Chthon) progressively tempted and broke Heka-Nut.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2 (fb) - BTS / / Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z hardcover#3: Dr. Glitternight entry) - Chthon instructed Heka-Nut to collect four talismans of immense mystical power, the Cornerstones of Creation.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2 (fb) - BTS) - First targeting the Sword of Bone (Oshtur's Cornerstone), Heka-Nut spent 500 years searching for it; eventually locating it in the Valley of Kings, Heka-Nut spent more centuries futilely trying to pierce the traps and spells to obtain the Sword.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2 (fb) - BTS) - As foresight/precognition was not her specialty, Ashake created the First Tarot (although she didn't call it that), painting images on flat cards made of bone, which helped her understand the influences/patterns that shaped their lives. Amongst the forces/powers she accessed via the Tarot were Nu, of the primordial waters; Amun, who rules air and the invisible; Hauhet, whose influence was space and visible matters; and Keku, whose domain was darkness and chaos.
    While not mentioned, Ma'at/Oshtur likely provided assistance as well.

(New Mutants I#32 - BTS) - Seeking to arrive in Cairo in advance of the Shadow King-possessed Karma, Magik transported herself and Dani Moonstar through the limbo-realm Otherplace to Egypt, but they inadvertently shifted through time as well, arriving in Egypt in the 11th century BC.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2 (fb) - BTS) - <11th century BC> - Sensing the arrival of time-traveling modern era mutant Magik (Illyana Rasputin), who was traveling with her teammate Mirage (Danielle Moonstar), Heka-Nut tried to mystically ensnare them.

(New Mutants I#32 - BTS / Mystic Arcana#1/2 - BTS) - Via the newly-created First Tarot, Ashake sensed Heka-Nut's efforts to ensnare Rasputin (and Moonstar). Learning of their natures via the Tarot, Ashake mystically intercepted them and brought them to her home. Ashake's sorcery (drawing on the power of Ma'at/Oshtur) also taught her their language.

(New Mutants I#32) - As guards pursued Dani and Magik, Ashake called out to them in English, guiding them through a doorway. ashake-egyptian-nm32-seatedashake-egyptian-nm32-face

(New Mutants I#32 / Mystic Arcana#1/2) - Via the illusions of Iah, Ashake created false images of Dani and Magik, which the guards pursued, not realizing their true targets had escaped.

(New Mutants I#32) - Running through the doorway, Dani and Magik fell down a set of stairs and landed at Ashake's feet, and Ashake explained how she had duped the guards.

    Magik initially mistook Ashake for Storm (Ororo Munroe), but Ashake clarified her identity while noting she saw in Dani's memories the face of her "granddaughter many times removed." Pleased to learn that even in their faraway era, the line of her family's blood yet ran true, Ashake bade her guests welcome in descendent's name.

    Ashake then explained how she walked the shadow path, like Illyana, and how she brought them there and learned their language. She told her guests to rest and restore themselves and that her home was theirs. She told them they would talk later, answering questions and granting wishes.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2 (fb) - BTS) - Believing there was ample time before Heka-Nut's forces would find them, Ashake gave Dani a sleeping draught (potion) so Dani could rest and so Ashake and Illyana could speak privately.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2) - As Dani slept, Ashake used the First Tarot to try to see the future. As Ashake explained the cards, Illyana noted that they resembled the Tarot cards used in her time; Ashake commented that while the cards reflected the future era, like the movement in star and tides, they continued to reveal the patterns of their lives. Ashake further noted that she needed the cards to learn about Illyana, as her mind was closed to her.

    Ashake further explained how swords marked Illyana as one loyal to Ashake's patroness, Ma'at, grey goddess of balance and order, and that Illyana ruled, though her kingdom was barren (aptly describing the limbo realm Otherplace). She continued that Illyana had learned hard lessons in her short life and that she believed she could only trust herself and that her past would only destroy her future if she would have it thusly.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2 - BTS) - After Ashake sensed the approach of Heka-Nut's minions, she invoked Shu to conceal Moonstar, after which the mummy-like minions  confronted Ashake and Magik. Ashake called on great Shai's shield to protect them while she detailed Heka-Nut's nature. Still too exhausted to generate a stepping disk to teleport them away, Illyana used her Soulsword against them. However, Heka-Nut's minions eventually grabbed and restrained Ashake and clubbed Illyana from behind despite Ashake's warning.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2 (fb) - BTS) - Magik and Ashake were brought to Heka-Nut's boat and mystically bound.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2) - Aboard his ship, Heka-Nut mockingly noted to Ashake that because Ashake had tried to protect Magik from him, she ended up in his clutches, as well.

    Admitting -- at his query -- that she feared Heka-Nut's power, Ashake informed him that she could not simply abandon a child to a monster who wished to use her as a cat's paw.

    Magik summoned her Soulsword in preparation to free herself and Ashake, but Ashake as was agonized as a result; Heka-Nut explained that Ashake would be dead in the space of three breaths if she continued to resist him, and Magik sheathed her sword.

    Impressed by Magik's power and no longer content to merely use her as a pawn, Heka-Nut attempted to claim her soul for himself; however, he found her soul both corrupt and already bound elsewhere, so he instead took Ashake's soul to force Magik to aid him.

    Though Ashake tried to dissuade Illyana from assisting Heka-Nut, Illyana noted that she had failed to save and been forced to murder a version (temporal divergent) of Ashake's descendant Ororo, and she vowed that she would save Ashake.

    Heka-Nut then instructed Magik to enter the crypt and to bring him the Sword of Bone; when Ashake asked if he honestly believed this young girl could succeed, Heka-Nut advised her that if she could not, both Ashake and Illyana were lost. He further noted that though he would retain Ashake's soul as a hostage, her body and mind would accompany Magik and act as her guide.

    Heka-Nut gave his word that if they brought him the Sword of Bone, he would return Ashake's soul uncorrupted and set her free, but he further warned that he would be watching through Ashake's eyes and that he would fully claim Ashake the second they betrayed him.ashake-egyptian-ma1-full

(Mystic Arcana#1/2) - Within the crypt, Ashake called on the light of Ra to shine in the darkness.

    Ashake and Illyana penetrated deeper into the crypt than Heka-Nut, but when they set off a trap that locked them in a chamber and began dumping sand on top of them, Ashake cast an illusion to block their actions from Heka-Nut, and -- with Ashake's permission -- Illyana teleported them through Otherplace.

    Within Otherplace, Ashake noted the barren realm with demons scampering around, and Illyana used a scrying glass to see inside the crypt, find out how it was made, and determine where they needed to go. Illyana further explained how she could return them to exactly when they had left so Heka-Nut would not even know they were gone.

    Magik bypassed the remaining traps and transported herself and Ashake directly to the Throne of Bones chamber containing the Sword of Bone. They were then confronted by an immense serpent guardian protected by a doubling spell as explained by Ashake, causing their number to double when their magic was disrupted.

    Ashake called on Ma'at/Oshtur to aid them, and Oshtur sent the immense Ammut to restrain the serpent guardians long enough for the Magik and Ashake to approach the skeleton laying in the center of the chamber.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2) - Magik failed to recognize the sword in its inert rib form (clutched in the skeleton's hands), but Ashake explained its nature: For the tainted, it remained just bone, and only the pure of soul could call forth its true power. As she already had her Soulsword (and presumably because she was no longer pure of soul), Magik let Ashake grasp the rib, which swiftly transformed into the Sword of Bone. Via transporting through Otherplace again, Magik brought herself and Ashake back to Heka-Nut.

(Mystic Arcana#1/2) - As they returned, Magik showed Heka-Nut the Sword of Bone and demanded he restore Ashake's soul and release her. However, Heka-Nut refused to honor the agreement, noting he was unwilling to give up the tool that delivered to him the Sword of Bones. As he forced Ashake to give him the Sword, he noted that Ashake would be his finest slave while Magik would be the first of many beings of power to be devoured by the Sword's burning blade.with sword of bone

    However, as soon as Ashake relinquished the Sword to Heka-Nut, it reverted to its inert bone form in his unworthy hands.

    Magik then struck the distracted Heka-Nut with her Soulsword, disrupting his power and shattering his mind.

    Ashake reclaimed the Sword of Bones, and Illyana encouraged Ashake to kill Heka-Nut for what he tried to do to her, but Ashake countered that Heka-Nut was a victim of manipulation. Instead, she called on Ma'at (Oshtur) to send an jackal-headed canopic jar/urn to seal away his dark power, which she then vowed to hide.

    Heka-Nut wandered off, noting his failure and begging Keku for mercy.

    Sensing that keeping and using the Sword of Bones would shift Earth's balance of power, Ashake had Magik transport them back to the Throne of Bones within the Valley of Kings, where she replaced the Sword of Bones.

    Ashake further asked Ammut to release the serpent guardians but to remain there, watch, and wait, predicting that a time would come when Ammut's wisdom would be called upon to guard the balance.
ashake-egyptian-ma1-canopicjar
    
    Magik then teleported them back to Ashake's home. Ashake noted that she saw that Illyana would soon face a time of great turmoil...or peril and temptation, but that, in the end, she would choose the right path, as she did that day.


(New Mutants I#32) - The next day, Ashake sat by as Illyana awakened Dani. Illyana asked if Ashake could help with Dani's despair and self-rage of recent failings (presumably losing Karma), but Ashake told her that Dani must overcome those feelings herself. Ashake then sent them into the future, noting she had enjoyed their visiting and saying, "Until we meet again..."

(New Mutants I#32 - BTS) - Ashake's spell overshot the target time period, and Dani and Illyana arrived in the future of Earth-8510, where the New Mutants had remained the slaves of the Shadow King-possessed Karma for years. Traveling through Otherplace again, Illyana returned herself and Dani to their own time period, where they were joined by Ashake's descendant Ororo.

(Mystic Arcana#1 - BTS) - Posing as Oshtur, Chthon manipulated the sorcerer Ian McNee into restoring the sorcerer Heka-Nut to save the mystic realms, which he could do by gathering the Cornerstones of Creation.

(Mystic Arcana#1/3, Mystic Arcana: Black Knight#1/3, Mystic Arcana#3 (Scarlet Witch) - third story, Mystic Arcana: Sister Grimm#1/3) - McNee gathered the Cornerstones of Creation: The Sword of Bone (Oshtur's Cornerstone), Ebon Rose (Gaea's Cornerstone), Serpent Crown (Set's Cornerstone), and the Black Mirror's Darkhold page, which accessed the power of the Darkhold (Chthon's Cornerstone).

(Mystic Arcana: Sister Grimm#1 - BTS, 1/3 - BTS) - Ian McNee suspected the truth based on some inconsistencies in the story of "Oshtur." Aided by the modern manifestation of Ashake’s First Tarot, Ian saw through Chthon’s deceptionashake-egyptian-ma4-canopicjar

(Mystic Arcana: Sister Grimm#1/3 (fb) - BTS) - In preparation for the coming conflict, and Ian (aided via contact from the real Oshtur) made plans with former holders of the Sword of Bone, Ebon Rose, and the Serpent Crown -- Ashake, Morgan Le Fay, and the Lemurian Llyra, respectively -- to oppose Chthon's plot.

(Mystic Arcana: Sister Grimm#1/3) - Pressured by Chthon (still posing as Oshtur), McNee summoned the four Cornerstones of Creation and began the spell to restore Heka-Nut, aided by Ashake, Llyra, and Morgan Le Fay.

(Mystic Arcana: Sister Grimm#1/3 / Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z hardcover#3: Dr. Glitternight entry) - Ashake brought the canopic jar containing Heka-Nut's power, and Ian McNee restored Heka-Nut's soul, brought it forward in time, and gave Heka-Nut shelter within his own form.

(Mystic Arcana: Sister Grimm#1/3) - With Heka-Nut restored, Chthon revealed his true nature and prepared to use Heka-Nut to control McNee and through him use the Cornerstones to control all creation.

    However, McNee called on his allies, and Morgan and Llyra called on the Rose and Crown's power to temporarily bind Chthon.

    As Heka-Nut began taking over McNee's form, McNee urged Ashake's haste, and Ashake traveled forward in time both to help McNee resist Heka-Nut and to help Heka-Nut remember whom he once was.

    Heka-Nut noted his pleasure at Ashake being present for his rebirth and that their age-old enmity would soon be ended.

    Using the Sword of Bone's logic, Ashake pierced Heka-Nut's mind, and she noted that she bore him no enmity and wondered why one so great as him would hate one such as herself. Heka-Nut could not recall the reason, but felt there must be a reason.

    Using the Ebon Rose's strength to tie Heka-Nut to his truth, Ashake reminded him of the time when there was respect and friendship between them.

    Initially considering such a friendship absurd, Heka-Nut then remembered learning magic with Ashake and being taught by the gods themselves.ashake-egyptian-ma4-face

    As Ashake used the Serpent Crown to flood Heka-Nut with feelings, Heka-Nut recalled that he was happy for a time until he began to resent the Ashake's skill, feeling the gods had favored her. Desperate to prove himself, Heka-Nut had accepted Chthon's offer to gather the Cornerstones, which would make him supreme.

    Ashake then used the Sword of Bones to sever the connection between McNee and Heka-Nut; his mind freed, Heka-Nut urged McNee to use what power he had left and to revive himself and banish Chthon; using the Cornerstone's power, McNee banished Chthon from the Earthly plane, although Chthon took the Cornerstones with them.

(Mystic Arcana: Sister Grimm#1/3 - BTS) - The true Oshtur then appeared and provided guidance for Ashake, now trapped in the modern era, and McNee to use the Cornerstones to repair the structure of magic.

(
Marvel Legacy: The 1960s-1990s Handbook trade paperback (2008)'s Where Are They Now? section on Dr. Glitternight / Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z hardcover#3: Dr. Glitternight entry) - Heka-Nut’s scarred shell was returned to the canopic jar in the 11th century BC, and its dark mystical energies served as a beacon to those of alien being “Glitternight,” who was bound to the shell.
    Over millennia, the composite being became Dr. Glitternight.

Comments: Created by Chris Claremont and Steve Leialoha.

Time

    The 11th century BC date is confirmed in initial story, Mystic Arana #1 (Magik): second story.

    That same story has Ashake note that Heka-Nut serving the Elder Gods for a thousand years before being corrupted.

    That same story also has Ashake says that Heka-Nut spent 1000 years searching for the Sword of Bone. Three pages later Heka-Nut says he spent 500 years searching for it, but he then continues that he spent centuries more trying to overcome the traps/spells in the Valley of Kings.

    The 26th century BC date in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe for the start of Heka-Nut serving as an intermediary of the Elder Gods was based upon the thousand years of service, plus the five hundred years searching for the Sword of Bone that Heka-Nut references.

    However, given that Ashake describes 1000 years of seeking the Sword of Bone and that Heka-Nut specifies 500 years trying to find out where it was and then "centuries more" trying to recover it from the Valley of Kings, the 26th century appears to be erroneous. While the 1000 year references given are likely approximations rather than exact time periods, Heka-Nut's origins would more likely start in the 31st century BC.


From the unicorn's mouth/mind:

    Big thanks to Heka-Nut creator David Sexton in helping to clarify multiple issues from Heka-Nut's stories, some of which he and I figured out together (I consulted directly with David for the Mystic Arcana handbook and the Marvel Tarot). Of course, all in-story research came from young sorcerer Ian McNee, whose initial research -- as reported in Marvel Legacy: The 1960s-1990s Handbook trade paperback (2008)'s Where Are They Now? section on Dr. Glitternight -- speculated that Heka-Nut evolved/progressed into Dr. Glitternight. Subsequent research/consideration noted Glitternight to be a pre-existing being that inhabited Heka-Nut's burnt out, soulless husk back in the 11th century BC, as reported in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z hardcover#3: Dr. Glitternight entry.

"One of the things about Ashake that I wanted to explore was that she was so much like the alternate reality Storm that taught Illyana magic in the 1984 Magik mini-series. And that she was part of Ororo's magical bloodline. The First Tarot that i developed first appeared in Secret Defenders."
--David Sexton

     The Storm David references is the one from divergent Reality-8280, in which Illyana was sent back to Earth, but the rest of the X-Men were trapped in limbo/Otherplace. --Snood

    Ashake called Illyana "Ill-ah-ana" and Dani "Dah-ni"

    Amun and Ra in the Marvel Universe are names used by Ammon-Ra, aka Atum, aka Demogorge.

    This profile was completed 09/07/2020, but its publication was delayed as it was intended for the Appendix 20th anniversary 's celebratory event.

Profile by Snood.

CLARIFICATIONS:
Ashake
should be distinguished from:


ancestors / urns

ashake-egyptian-ma1-urns&phix(Mystic Arcana#1/2 (fb) - BTS) - Ashake is from a line of sorceresses, and she possessed a number of urns containing the spirits of her ancestors; each spirit possessing different strengths, they all watched over and protected Ashake.

--Mystic Arcana#1/2 (Magik)

Note: Ashake's ancestry can be traced back to the Sorceress Supreme circa 10,000 BC, Ayesha.

     I wonder if Ayesha is in one of the urns?

     Obviously that is Phix on the ground beside Dani Moonstar.

     I think it is at least implied in Ashake's statements that one of her ancestors was particularly gifted in prophecy/precognition/reading the future.



Harmarkhis

ashake-egyptian-ma1-harashake-egyptian-ma1-har-profile.
    Harmakhis
is one of Ashake's two mystic familiars (along with the cat Phix) who live with Ashake in her home in the region that would eventually become Cairo.

    Both Phix and Harmarkhis aid Ashake in focusing on a particular target.

--Mystic Arcana#1/2 (Magik); (identified) Mystic Arcana: The Book of Marvel Magic: Ashake

Note: Harmarkhis received a name in
Mystic Arcana: The Book of Marvel Magic: Ashake profile.

     Harmarkhis was named after the Sphinx of Giza.

     David Sexton further explained that Harmarkhis was connected to the god Horus and was thus a falcon.


Phix

ashake-egyptian-ma1-phixashake-egyptian-ma1-phix-har    Phix the cat is one of Ashake's two mystic familiars (along with the bird Harmarkhis) who live with Ashake.

    Both Phix and Harmarkhis aid Ashake in focusing on a particular target.

--
New Mutants I#32; (identified) Mystic Arcana: The Book of Marvel Magic: Ashake

Note:
Phix was named after the Sphinx of Greek mythology.

     Phix was also pictured in the main image, as well as in the image of Ashake's ancestors/urns.



images: (without ads)
New Mutants I#32, pg. 18, panel 1 (Harmarkhis, frontal);
          panel 2 (Harmarkhis, profile);
          panel 3 (face);
          panel 4 (seated);

Mystic Arcana#1 (Magik), second story (Magik), pg, 2. panel 2 (face with energy & Phix's face);
       pg. 4, panel 2 (Phix swatting at Harmarkhis);
          panel 4 (Phix eating);
       pg. 5, panel 1 (urns, Phix full, from behind);
       pg. 6, panel 5 (face, glowing symbols);
       pg. 13, panel 4 (full, distant);
       pg. 19, panel 5 (with Sword of Bone);
       pg. 20, panel 4 (with canopic jars);
       pg. 22, panel 2 (full, showing feet);
Mystic Arcana: Sister Grimm#1, third story (McNee), pg. 4, panel 3 (bringing canopic jar to McNee);
          panel 6 (face)
Mystic Arcana: The Book of Marvel Magic: Ashake entry main - digitally remastered from New Mutants I#32, pg. 18, panel 1;
       inset -
digitally remastered from New Mutants I#32, pg. 18, panel 2


Appearances:
New Mutants I#32 (October, 1985) - Chris Claremont (writer), Steve Leialoha (artist), Ann Nocenti (editor)
Mystic Arcana: The Book of Marvel Magic (2007) -
Mystic Arcana#1 (Magik) (August, 2007) - first and third story (McNee) - David Sexton (writer), Eric Nguyen (artist), Nathan Cosby (assistant editor), Mark Paniccia (editor)
    second story (Magik) - Louise Simonson (writer), Steve Scott (penciler), Kris Justice (inker), Nathan Cosby (assistant editor), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Mystic Arcana: Black Knight#1 (September, 2007) - third story (McNee) - David Sexton (writer), Eric Nguyen (artist), Nathan Cosby (assistant editor), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Mystic Arcana#3 (Scarlet Witch) (October, 2007) -
first and third story (McNee) - David Sexton (writer), Eric Nguyen (artist), Nathan Cosby (assistant editor), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Mystic Arcana: Sister Grimm#1 (January, 2008) - third story (McNee) - David Sexton (writer), Eric Nguyen (artist), Jordan D. White (assistant editor), Mark Paniccia (editor)


First posted: 09/06/2021
Last updated: 09/04/2021

Any Additions/Corrections? please let me know.

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